Rivet applying tool



Oct. 16, 1945. P! D ET v 2,386,939

RIVET AiPLYING TOOL Filed March 27, 1943 2 Sheets-Sheet l Q INVENTOR m Q John PDesmet ATTORNEYS Oct. 16, .1945. JP. DESMET\ RIVET APPLYING TOOL Filed March 2?, 1943 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR John P. .Desmet ATTORNEYS Patented Oct. 16, 1945 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,386,939 H RIVET ABPLYING'TOOL I John P. Desmet, Modesto, Calif; AnplicationMarch 27, 1943, Serial No.1480,779-" iClaims. (01.1218-19).

This invention relates'generally to an. improved rivet. and a. unique tool forapplying the same to the work; the rivet being of the so-called blind type as used particularly in the aircraft industry, and while designed primarily forthis purpose the rivet obviously is adaptable for many other uses.

One of the objects of the lnstantinvention is to provide a rivet of the type described-which can be applied quickly and easily and when in place functions tonot only clamp the work together, but also certain diametral expansion of the rivet takes up any tolerance or Iooseness which may haveinitially existed about the shank of the rivet when placed in the rivet receiving hole in the work.

' -A further object of 'thisinvention is. to provide a rivet, of readily deformable light-weightmetal, which comprises a tubular shank having an enlarged head formed on one end thereof; the opposite end portion of the shank including an internal annular shoulder which reduces the diameter of the shank bore at said end. for positive engagement by the deforming mandrel, whereby with advance of said mandrel axially into engagement with the rivet the portion of said: shank between. the shoulder and the work folds or is upset radially outwardly against the work, whereupon the shoulder portionis: expand.- ed and forcefully engaged with said folded portion of. the shank, completing the riveting operatiom A still furtherobject. of this. invention is. to provide.- a tool of." unique; design arranged. to. apa ply. blind rivets, of the type. described, from. ex.- teriorallyof the work; while. accomplishing an e-fiective deformation of the-rivetvatits. inner endportion and: against the inner surface-of said work. The-.tool. includes in. combination with a plunger; an. axial pull. rodsconnected thereto, a rivet deforming mandrel mounted on the outer end of said pull. rod, and a fixed-annular die surrounding the. rod between the mandrel and plunger; said rod being adapted to extend. through a tubular rivet with the mandrel engaging the inner end of the rivet and the die engaging the other or outer end thereof.

An additional object isto providea rivet. applyingtool, as inv the preceding paragraph, in whichsa-id. tool includes a. patrol? handles, one. handler being. pivotally connected with the other swinging movement relative. thereto; said one handleheing operative. to; move theplunger axe iallx tn and 20,: and, thesleeve-which forms-the dierheingadjustably but; normally fixed moon nection with the other handle and axially alined but spaced from said plunger.

A further object of the invention is to provide a simple and inexpensive device and yet one which will be exceedingly effective for the purpose for which it is designed.

These objects I accomplish by means of such structure and relative arrangement'of parts as will fully appear by a perusal of the following specification and claims. V p v I In-thedrawings similar characters of referenceindicate correspo-r-isling parts-inthle several viewsi Figure l is aside elevation ofi the ri'vetj apply- "Figure 2"Yi's a fragmentary sideelevation partlysectiono'f' s'aid tool. i 1

Figure 3 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional elevation of the die'mandrel and-pull rod of the tool as irlr engagement withi'a rivet seated in the workbut. before deformation of said rivet.

lFiglure is a similar'view, but illustrates the rivet as deformed by the mandrel;

Figure 5.:is tin-enlarged: cross section oia mod ified form of the rivet. Figure 6Jis an enlarged section of. another standard type of rivet: formed with themodifledi feature of Figure- 5; I Referring now more parti'cularly to the char-- acters or reference on the; drawings, the hunter-.- als t'i and. 2" indicate the two.- handleson grips? of: the'tool, said handles adjacentione end extend r ing in spaced relation between a pair of parallel. plates 3; the handle I being pivotally connected between said plates by a cap screw 4, whereasthe handle 2 is fixed between said plates by cap screws 5. It will thus beseen that the handle I can swing relative to handle 2 about theaxis of the cap screw 4.

The handle I is formed with a fork 6 which projects beyond the plates 3 in a direction opposite the handle, said fork riding in transverse grooves I in opposite sides of a tubular plunger 8 which extends in slidable and guided relation in guides 9 fixed in connection with and projecting outwardlyfrom the plates 3. By this construction the plunger cannot escape from the forkand is actuated axially to and fro by correspond.- ing swinging movement, of the handle l. A compression spring Ill mounted between the handles l. and 2 normally maintains. said handles spaced to maximum extent and the plunger 8 advanced.

Asleeve or nipple l l extends in axial alinement. with the. plunger through an extension 12. of the i handle; 2 saidsleeve'being.threaded and normalise The inner fend; of th, pull his threaded, as

at ll, into a neck 18 formed integral with an enlarged head l9 having a taper face adjacent said neck. The tubular plunger 8 is reduced in diameter somewhat at its inner end and shaped to matchingly receive said tapered headptheneck projecting from said end of the plunger in initially loose play relation. AfollowerZU-isslid able in the plunger 8 and engages the head l9, said follower normally being forcefully engaged against; aid; head by a; thumb screw 2 l I threaded into the plunger frorn itsothen end.

. The-outer end of thesleeve i I, i. e. the end adjacent the mandrel i5, is formed as an annular concave} rivet head seat ondie 2 2,-havinganinternal diameter greater than the outside'diameter o vihaz fi d 4 I JI'he improvedrivet is shown in its initial form in Eig;; 3, and such rivet, which is of deformable metal, comprises a tubular shankjqi'formed on itsouter end with an enlarged head 25. 'At its inner end theyshank 2A is formed with an annular internal shoulder 26 which considerably reduces the diameter of the shank bore 21. The maximum diameter of said'bore is slightlyless than the diameter of the non-tapered portion of the-mandrel. m r

.,In use, the, rivet is appliedby the 'tool in the followingmanner:, The pull rod [4 is unthreaded from the neck l8 and withdrawn from the sleeve H. Thereafter, the rivet is slipped over the pull rod inner end foremost, and thepull rod is then reinserted through the sleeve and threaded into the neck [8. v 1: "With the parts in this position the operator squeezesthe handles together somewhat, drawing the mandrel relatively lightly' against theinner end of the rivet and the headof the rivet against the-die." The tool is then manipulated to insert the-shank 24 of the rivet through matching holes previously formed in the plates :or work 28 which are .to be secured by said rivet; the shank '24 being inserted in said matching hole'suntil the :head 25 engages the outer surface of said work. Holding the tool and rivet in this position the operator furthenisqueezes the handles together, which causesthe fork-)6 to retract the plunger relative to the sleeve H. As a consequence-the mandrel is forcefully drawn through the rivet from its inner end, effecting the following result: v

AS the mandrel begins to move axially outward ly, the portion of the shank between the shoulder 26 and the work 28 folds radiallyoutwardly and against the work 23, whereupon the tapered portion It of the mandrel forces into the shoulder 26, expanding thelatter and deforming it firmly against the previously folded portion of the shank. Continued movement of the mandrel pulls the same axially through the rivet, causing a certain amount of diametral expansion thereof, which takes up any tolerance or looseness which may have initially existed between the rivet shank and the work. Finally the mandrel is pulled entirely into the sleeve [Land-thence escaping from the head '25 of-the rivet.- This-completes the riveting operation and the work about the rivet is firmly clamped together.

While the tool is here shown as hand actuated and for one-man operation, it can of course be modified, if necessity demands, for power actuation, as by compressed air.

In Fig. 5 the rivet includes the characteristics of the rivet shown in Figs. 3 and 4, namely a shank 24a, a head 25a, and a shouldered portion 26m Howevenin thisembodiment, the rivet also in ud s. arra er eitzi e s 29, h h: projects axially and outwardly from the head 25a. This form of the rivet is applied in exactly the same manner as the rivet shown in Figs. 3 and 4, but 15' after-application the neck 29 is spun inwardly toclosetheopening in the head 25a by a special tool (not here shown or described) which deforms saidneck'an'd forms a closure 3% for the opening.

Thisneck may also be incorporated in a flush or Exvex type rivet, as shown at 29a in Fig. 6. If, this type'of rivet is togbe used, the rivet heat seat -22 would; bje omitted from the; tool sleeve H a assh'own; the sleeve =fittin'g snugly over neck29a. zProper axial alinementof the pullrod :44 and neck l8"is accomplishedupon tightening of the thumb screw t2l, which causes the follower 26 to urge the taper head l9 tightly against the matching seat in the tubular. plunger. 5

:It will-begnoted that thebase portion of the mandrel is slightly smaller than the taper portion iii-the latter, rounding into the reduced size portion'aslshownp Thisprovides proper clearance as the1m'andrel moves; through the rivet; the rounding surface-having a, burnishing effect on the rivet -,bore. This reduced portion may be nurled for easier hand engagement if desired;

From theforegoing; description it will be-readily seen that I have produced such a device as substantially fulfillsthe objects of the invention asset forthhereinw, f r V 'While this specification sets forth in detail the present and. preferred construction of the device, stillrin practice such' deviations from such detail may :be resorted to as do not form a-departure from the spirit of the invention, as defined-by the appendedclaims. .;'I Having thus described my invention,-what I claim asnew, and useful and desire to'secure by L'etterSLPatent'is: 1. A 'rivetapplying tool for a tubular rivet, comprisinga pair of handles, means connecting said handles in pivotal relation adjacent but short of one endthereof, guide-means on said handle connecting meansadjacentone handle, a plunger arrangedv for movement through said guide means, the longitudinal axis of said plunger being disposed in a plane intersecting the longitudinal axis of said one handle, means connecting said one-handle to said plunger whereby to efiect reciprocatory movementof the latter, ,a-rivet engaging. dieon the other handle in substantially axial alinement with the plunger, a pull rod operatively connected with the inner end of such plunger and'extending infthe direction of and beyondthedie, and 1a rivet deforming mandrel fixedzto the outer end of said rod.

2. A rivet applying ,tool for a tubular rivet, comprising; a pair of hand1es,;a platefixed to one handla the, other'g -handlebeing pivoted to the plate-in spaced relation to said first named handle, both handlesat said one end thereof project ing-beyondthe'lplate; the projecting'end of the pivoted-.handlebeing' in the form'of a'fork, guide meansuon the plate; a plunger slidably movable through jsaidv guidev means; such" plunger being transversely grooved on opposite sides thereof, the forked ends of the pivot handle straddling the plunger and riding in said groove, a, rivet engaging die on the end of the fixed handle, a pull rod connected with the plunger and extending toward and beyond the end of the die, and a rivet deforming mandrel fixed on the outer end of said rod.

3. A rivet applying tool as in claim 2 in which the plunger is tubular and of reduced diameter at its inner end, a threaded neck projecting out of the plunger through said inner end and in initially loose play relation, an enlarged tapered head on the neck within the plunger engaged in matching relation with the reduced diameter portion of the latter, the pull rod being threaded into said neck, and a thumb screw threaded into the plunger from its outer end and normally locking said head against said reduced diameter portion of the plunger.

4. A rivet applying tool for a, tubular rivet comprising a first handle, a plate secured adjacent the outer end of thefirst handle, a second handle pivoted adjacent its outer end to said plate in spaced relation to the first handle, spaced guides mounted on the plate, a, plunger mounted for reciprocating movement through the guides, and transverse grooves formed in the plunger on opposite sides thereof, the outer end of thesec- 0nd handle projecting beyond the plate and being in the form of a fork, the prongs of which straddle the plunger and engage in said grooves, a rivet engaging die on the end of the first handle, a pull rod connected with the inner end of the plunger and projecting toward and beyond the die, and a rivet deforming mandrel on the outer end of the rod.

5. A rivet applying tool for a tubular rivet, comprising a, first handle having a relatively straight outer end, a substantially rectangular plate secured to the straight portion of said handle at a point slightly inwardly of the outer end thereof, a pair of spaced guides on the forward edge of said plate adjacent the outer end thereof, a plunger mounted in the guides for reciprocatory movement therein, a tubular rivet engaging die mounted on the end of the first handle in substantially axial alinement with the plunger, a pull rod connected with the inner end of the plunger and projecting through and beyond the die, a rivet deforming mandrel on the outer end of the rod, a second handle pivoted to the plate in spaced relation to the first handle, and means operatively connecting the second handle with the plunger whereby with the swinging movement of the second handle on its pivot the plunger will be reciprocated through said guides.

JOHN P. DESMET. 

